Ethernet Standards of Cabling

• Ethernet: LAN Cabling
• Fast Ethernet: UTP Cabling (RJ-45) PORTS
• Gigabit Ethernet: Fiber Optic (STF) PORTS

Unshielded Twisted Pair (Copper) Cables

• Used Copper Twisted pairs as a medium of data transfer.
• Commonly used connectors are the RJ-45 Jacks

Cabling Modes for Copper UTP Cables

PORTS have two parts: Transmitter(TX) & Receiver(RX), where data trasnfer is handled in the folllowing cabling modes.

These modes are used when connecting different end and network devices.

1. Straight Through Copper Cables

   • RX PORT connects to the [same PORT] on other device, same for TX PORT
   • When connecting different types of devices(PC to Switch, Switch to Router, etc), Straight Through is used

2. Cross Over Copper Cable

   • RX PORT on one device can connect to RX PORT on [another ports], same goes for TX
   • When connecting same type of devices (Switch to Switch), Cross over cable is used

3. **Auto MDI - X Copper Cables

   • Irrespective of Straight through or crossover, the devices [auto detects & Matches ]RX & TX Ports on both devices’ ends
   • Can be used at any type of connection

Fiber Optic Cabling

• Advantage: Data transfer is wayy faster than Copper UTP and over longer distance
• Disadvantage: Costlier and harder to setup

Types of Fiber Optics

• Wide Space: Multi Mode
• Small Space: Single Mode

1. Multi Mode Fiber:
   • Core diameter is wider, causing more reflections in light
   • Distance larger than UTP but shorter than Single Mode

2. Single Mode Fiber
   • Smaller core diameter
   • Largest Distance covered

Minding Distance when Choosing Cabling methods?