1. Consistency

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Every read receives most recent write / error (always latest data is read)

2. Availabiliity

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Requests are successful (system is available to handle loads)

3. Partition Tolerance

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System still works when one node fails

The CAP Trade-Off: Choosing 2 out of 3

CP (Consistency and Partition Tolerance):

Sometimes req fails, but not halfway (Atomic but less available)
Relational DBs: MySQL and PostgreSQL

AP (Availability and Partition Tolerance):

Works in monoliths but not in distributed Systems

CA (Consistency and Availability):

Low fault tolerance (bad in distributed systems)