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- 1. Fetch datapackage.json to inspect schema and resources
- 2. Download data resources listed in datapackage.json
- 3. Read README.md for full context
Data Views
Bioregions by Biogeographic Realm
Data Files
Explore with AIbioregions
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| code | string | Bioregion identifier: two-letter biogeographic realm prefix (NA, NT, PA, AT, IM, AU, OC, AN) followed by a number (e.g. NA1, AT12, PA53) |
| name | string | Full name of the bioregion (e.g. 'Greater Eurasian Tundra', 'Amazon River Estuary') |
| biogeographic_realm | string | One of the eight traditional biogeographic realms: Nearctic, Neotropical, Palearctic, Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Australasian, Oceanian, Antarctic |
| realm | string | One Earth realm — 14 intermediate geographic divisions. The Nearctic splits into Subarctic America and Northern America; Neotropical into Central America and Southern America; Palearctic into Subarctic Eurasia, Western Eurasia, Central Eurasia, Eastern Eurasia, and Southern Eurasia. The remaining five biogeographic realms each map to a single One Earth realm. |
| subrealm | string | One Earth subrealm — 52 named groupings of ecologically related bioregions within each realm (e.g. 'Canadian Boreal Forests', 'Mediterranean', 'Amazonia') |
Download
Download CSVAbout
- All 185 One Earth bioregions with their classification within the biogeographical hierarchy: biogeographic realm (8), One Earth realm (14), and subrealm (52). Each bioregion is identified by a two-letter realm code plus a number (e.g. NA1, AT12, PA53).
- Last updated
- 16 March 2026
- Total rows
- ...
- Format
- CSV
- File size
- 16.4 kB
About this dataset
Bioregions 2023
185 discrete bioregions delineating Earth's terrestrial surface by ecological character, developed by One Earth. A nature-based alternative to political geography for conservation planning.
Background
The Bioregions 2023 framework was developed by One Earth, building upon the RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 dataset (Dinerstein et al., 2017 — 844 ecoregions). Bioregions aggregate ecologically similar ecoregions into coherent biogeographic units at a scale relevant to conservation policy and science communication.
The framework organises the world's land surface into a four-level hierarchy:
| Level | Count | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Biogeographic realms | 8 | Nearctic, Palearctic, Afrotropical … |
| One Earth realms | 14 | Northern America, Western Eurasia … |
| Subrealms | 52 | Mediterranean, Amazonia, Canadian Boreal Forests … |
| Bioregions | 185 | PA18 Aegean Sea & East Mediterranean Mixed Forests |
The average bioregion covers approximately 715,000 km². Each bioregion is anchored in shared ecological and evolutionary history, reflecting natural boundaries such as mountain ranges, river basins, and climate zones.
Data
data/bioregions.csv
One row per bioregion (185 total). Columns:
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
code | Bioregion identifier (e.g. NA1, AT12, PA53). Two-letter realm prefix + number. |
name | Full bioregion name |
biogeographic_realm | One of eight traditional biogeographic realms |
realm | One Earth realm (14 total) |
subrealm | One Earth subrealm grouping (52 total) |
Realm code prefixes:
| Prefix | Biogeographic Realm | One Earth Realms |
|---|---|---|
| NA | Nearctic | Subarctic America, Northern America |
| NT | Neotropical | Central America, Southern America |
| PA | Palearctic | Subarctic Eurasia, Western Eurasia, Central Eurasia, Eastern Eurasia, Southern Eurasia |
| AT | Afrotropical | Afrotropics |
| IM | Indomalayan | Indomalaya |
| AU | Australasian | Australasia |
| OC | Oceanian | Oceania |
| AN | Antarctic | Antarctica |
Bioregion counts by biogeographic realm:
| Realm | Count |
|---|---|
| Palearctic | 53 |
| Nearctic | 31 |
| Neotropical | 29 |
| Afrotropical | 24 |
| Indomalayan | 18 |
| Australasian | 16 |
| Oceanian | 11 |
| Antarctic | 3 |
| Total | 185 |
Source & License
Data compiled from the One Earth Bioregions 2023 framework:
- Interactive Navigator: https://www.oneearth.org/navigator/?view=bioregions
- Bioregion list: https://www.oneearth.org/bioregion-list/
- Realm pages: https://www.oneearth.org/bioregions/
Underlying ecoregion framework: Dinerstein, E. et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. BioScience, 67(6), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014
License: CC BY-NC 4.0 — non-commercial use with attribution to One Earth.