Expenditure on Research and Development(R&D)

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Dataset Files

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/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/

├ README.md

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/README.md

├ archive/applied_research.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/applied_research.csv

├ archive/basic_research.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/basic_research.csv

├ archive/business_enterprise.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/business_enterprise.csv

├ archive/experimental_development.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/experimental_development.csv

├ archive/gerd.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/gerd.csv

├ archive/government.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/government.csv

├ archive/higher_education.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/higher_education.csv

├ archive/medical_and_health.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/medical_and_health.csv

├ archive/not_specified_activities.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/not_specified_activities.csv

├ archive/not_specified_source.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/not_specified_source.csv

├ archive/private_non_profit.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/private_non_profit.csv

├ archive/rest_of_the_world.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/archive/rest_of_the_world.csv

├ data/expenditure.csv

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/data/expenditure.csv

└ datapackage.json

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/datapackage.json

Key Files

Start with these files — they give you everything you need to understand and access the dataset.

datapackage.json— metadata & schema

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/datapackage.json

README.md— documentation

https://datahub.io/core/expenditure-on-research-and-development/_r/-/README.md

Typical Usage

1. Fetch datapackage.json to inspect schema and resources
2. Download data resources listed in datapackage.json
3. Read README.md for full context

Data Files

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expenditure

Field	Type	Description
LOCATION	string	Country code
Country	string	Country name
TIME	year	Date in the form of %Y
Business enterprise	number	GERD - financed by Business enterprise (in '000 current PPP$)
Government	number	GERD - financed by Government (in '000 current PPP$)
Higher Education	number	GERD - financed by Higher education (in '000 current PPP$)
Private non-profit	number	GERD - financed by Private non-profit (in '000 current PPP$)
Rest of the world	number	GERD - financed by Rest of the world (abroad) (in '000 current PPP$)
Not specified source	string	GERD - financed by Not specified source (in '000 current PPP$)
Basic research	string	GERD - Basic research (in '000 current PPP$)
Applied research	string	GERD - Applied research (in '000 current PPP$)
Experimental development	string	GERD - Experimental development (in '000 current PPP$)
Not specified activities	string	GERD - Not specified activities (in '000 current PPP$)
Medical and health sciences	string	GERD - Medical and health sciences (in '000 current PPP$)

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About

Last updated: 9 February 2026
Total rows: ...
Format: CSV
File size: 150 kB
Source: UNESCO institute for statistics
License: Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL)

About this dataset

Expenditure on Research and Development(R&D) by countries with indicators such as source of funds, type of R%&D activity, fields of R&D(medical and health sciences) since 1996.

Data

Data comes from UNESCO institute for statistics http://data.uis.unesco.org

It consists of useful information about how much is spent by government/the private sectors, type of activites like Basic research, Applied research, Experimental development for specific countries. Also, we added spendings for Medical and health sciences.

Preparation

The main resource is located in archive/gerd.csv There are several steps have been done to get final data.

Extracted separately each resource by source of funds "Business enterprise", "Government" and "Higher Education", "Private non-profit", "Rest of the world", "Not specified source"
Extracted separately each resource by type of activities "Basic research", "Applied research", "Experimental development", "Not specified activities"
Extracted by field of R&D "Medical and health sciences"
Merged them into one resource data/medical.csv using pandas library.

Process is recorded and automated in python script:

# to get final merged data which is `data/expenditure.csv`, run the following script
scripts/process.py

License

Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)