Annual global real interest rates from 1311 to 2018, reconstructed from archival and primary sources by Paul Schmelzing (Bank of England Staff Working Paper No. 845, 2020). Covers 78% of advanced economy GDP and traces a long-run secular decline in real rates across successive monetary and fiscal regimes. Includes GDP-weighted headline global rates, safe-asset-provider rates, and country-level series for Italy, UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, United States, Spain, and Japan.

Distribution of wealth globally, drawn from the Credit Suisse Global Wealth Databook (2010–2022) and the UBS Global Wealth Report 2024 (2023 data). Covers the global wealth pyramid — how adults are distributed across four wealth bands (<$10k, $10k–$100k, $100k–$1M, >$1M) — and country-level statistics including mean wealth, median wealth, and total household wealth for 20 major economies.

Bank of England dataset covering UK macroeconomic history from the C13th (with benchmark estimates from 1086, the year of the Domesday Book) through 2016. Version 3.1. Includes GDP, wages, prices, interest rates, money and credit, trade, fiscal data, and more — covering over 130 variables in annual, quarterly, and monthly headline series.

Annual working hours per worker across 12 countries, 1870–2000. Based on Huberman & Minns (2007), who assembled comparable estimates from national sources for Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Documents the dramatic long-run decline in working time: typical workers in rich countries worked 3,000–3,800 hours per year in 1870 versus around 1,400–1,800 hours by 2000.